An odontogenic infection is an infection that originates within a tooth or in the closely surrounding tissues. In vitro quantitative evaluation of. IL-6, INF-gamma and CD4 and. CD8 molecules during odontogenic infection and control. group. In vitro quantitative determination of, IL-6,INF-gamma and CD4 and CD8 molecules in serum using Sandwich-ELISA. the Mean±SD of serum IL-6 was 41.1450±19.802 (pg\ml) for patients and 10.367±4.047 pg\ml for healthy with P. value 0.0001, while the Mean±SD of serum IFN-? was higher in control group than in test group (61.490±30.662) (pg\ml) and 16.880±7.593 (pg\ml) respectively. and the differences were significant, P? 0.0001. At the same time, The mean of serum CD4 molecules was 5.175±2.335 (ng\ml) and 2.230±1.027 (ng\ml) for controls groups with P. value was =0.0001. while serum soluble CD8 was the Mean±SD 3.265±1.175 (ng\ml) and 1.014±0.815 (ng\ml) for controls healthy with P. value = 0.0001. Mean of the CD4/CD8 ratio was 1.584 in control group while it was 2.199 in odontogenic infection patients" Conclusion: Immunological parameters were included in present study ( IL-6, IFN-?, CD4 and CD8,) showed high levels among patients with odontogenic infection compared to a healthy control.

The seed oil of Thevetia peruviana was extracted using soxhlet extraction method with n-hexane. The physicochemical parameters of the extracted oil were determined using standard analytical methods. The extracted oil was epoxidized using peracid generated in situ from aqueous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and glacial acetic acid. The epoxidized oil was analysed for the functional groups present using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer. The physiochemical parameters of Thevetia peruviana seed oil showed the following results; acid value (3.86 mg KOH/g), iodine value (92.5 Wijs), peroxide value (30.0 meq/kg), kinetic viscosity (1.7cp) and saponification value (121.76 mgKOH/g) while the epoxidized oil has acid value (0.49 mg KOH/g), iodine value (68.10 Wijs), peroxide value (7.99 meq/kg), kinetic viscosity (5.57cp) and saponification value (156.1 mgKOH/g). The FTIR results showed that both unepoxidised and epoxidized oils showed the following functional groups OH at wavelengths 3469.50 cm-1, 3468.72 cm-1 and 3467.75 cm-1; CH at 2917.75 cm-1, 2922.47 cm-1 and 2924.61 cm-1; CH2 at 2852.39 cm-1, 2852.81 cm-1 and 2853.68 cm-1; C=O at 2679.32 cm-1, 2679.41 cm-1 and 2673.30 cm-1; C=C at 1656.14 cm-1, 1654.55 cm-1 and 1655.5 cm-1 while the C=C at wavelength 2030.69 cm-1 that was identified in the unepoxidised oil was found to be absent in the epoxidised oil and a peak indicating epoxyl group was identified in the epoxidized oil. The percentage conversion of oxirane was determined to be 83.5%. This shows that epoxides were effectively formed. The high oil yield and percentage conversion of oxirane makes Thevetia peruviana a good feedstock for production of industrial intermediates

Organotin complexes are a class of coordination compounds that contain tin as a central metal atom bonded to organic ligands. These complexes have been extensively studied for their synthetic versatility and wide range of applications in various fields. Here is a review of organotin complexes, including their synthetic methods and applications.

Distal radius fractures in young adults are associated with high-energy trauma and in elderly people with low-energy falls. One of the distal radius fractures is the Barton Fracture (BF), a radiocarpal fracture-luxation whose production mechanism usually varies, the most common being a fall on an extended and pronated wrist. We present a 27-year-old male patient with distal radius epiphysis injury with radiocarpal dislocation following blunt trauma. Timely osteosynthesis with variable angle volar plate favored the restoration of distal radiocarpal and radioulnar biomechanics.

Management of the risk for cardiovascular and obstetrical complications is difficult in pregnant women with complete heart block. Complete congenital or acquired atrioventricular block can detected for the first time during pregnancy and delivery but only few cases have been reported in the literature. The first case was reported in 1914 by Nanta [1]. The acquired variety is very rare during pregnancy as this type is mostly seen after 50 years of age[2].During pregnancy acquired heart block may be due to myocarditis, collagen vascular diseases ,following infective endocarditis of aortic valve with root abscess or as a complication of cardiac surgery. In acquired heart block, heart rate is usually 40 or less per minute with wide QRS in ECG. They are usually symptomatic with temporary loss of consciouness in the form of presyncope or syncope[3]. The prognosis is generally worse, but ultimately depends on the underlying cause [4]. Complete atrioventricular block detected for the first time during pregnancy is usually congenital. With an incidence of 1 in 20,000 live born infants [5],congenital complete atrioventricular block is a rare disease. The aetiology is not completely understood. However, complete atrioventricular block may be isolated or combined with congenital heart diseases in up to 53% of affected individuals[6] It may be caused by cardiac malformations or damaged by maternal antibodies .Family history of complete atrioventricular block is one of the risk factor for congenital atrioventricular block [7-8].

Medicinal plants are nowadays sought after for their benefits. The main objective of this study was to test the efficacy of papaya (Carica papaya) seeds against parasites of the digestive tract of aulacodes in order to contribute to the improvement of the sanitary conditions of the animals in the farms. To achieve this objective, a cross-sectional survey was conducted. No data on previous studies on the antiparasitic effects of Caricapapaya seeds on aulacods in the study area were found in the archives of the veterinary services.The survey of animal keepers showed that some farmers use Caricapapaya seeds as an antiparasitic in different doses, although their therapeutic effect has not been scientifically proven. The clinical examination revealed a suspicion of diseases based on the observed clinical signs. Mac Masters quantitative method showed that the farms are infested with coccidia, trichuriasis and strongyles. In aulacods, the aqueous extract of Caricapapaya seeds resulted in a reduction of more than 75% of the detected parasites.

The present study investigated the potential effect of Hunteria Umbellata fruit extract on lipid profile reduction administered at different daily doses ie 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg compared with control (1) and group5 treated at 0.3ml standard drug insulin following aloxan monohydrate induction. The lipid profile- HDL,LDL,vLDL,Triglycerides and Total cholesterol were determine using precipitant (mmol), enzymatic hydrolysis, enzymatic and point methods. Results from this study indicate that the lipid profile reduction potential of H.U fruit extract was most effective in group2 administered 200mg/kg body weight with no aloxan induction. This was closely followed by group3 treated at 400mg/kg and group5 treated with the standard drug insulin after aloxan induction compared with the control. However, goup4 induced with aloxan and treated at 200mg/kg body weight has an elevated lipid profile compared with the control and other groups studied. Findings from this study have shown that moderate dose intake of Hunteria umbellata fruit extract by subjects with hyperlipidaemia can be beneficial in the reduction of lipid profile but the rapidity of its reduction rate is dose dependent.

The current study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Aeromonas species in five salad vegetables, namely lettuce, cabbage, carrot, cucumber, and green pepper, in four local government areas of Plateau state. Aeromonas species have been linked to a number of gastroenteritis outbreaks connected to the consumption of contaminated fresh vegetables and fruits. In Nigeria, the use of untreated wastewater in irrigation is often regarded as an unavoidable alternative for compensating for water scarcity. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Aeromonas species in salad vegetables from four local government areas of Plateau State. 800 lettuce samples, including 160 lettuces, 160 cabbages, 160 carrots, 160 cucumbers and 160 green peppers, were analyzed for the presence of Aeromonas species using standard isolation, identification and characterization methods. Of the 800 samples, 202 samples were positive. Aeromonas spp. was isolated from 60(7.50%) lettuce samples, 52(6.50%) cabbage samples, 35(4.38%) carrot samples, 30(3.77%) cucumber samples and 25(3.12%) green pepper samples making lettuce the vegetable with the highest prevalence of the organism. According to the findings, samples of salad vegetables from Lamingo had the highest percentage prevalence of Aeromonas species, at 45 (6.25%), followed by samples from Miango, at 42 (5.25%), and samples from Vom, at 37 (4.64%) had the lowest percentage prevalence of the organism. According to the statistical analysiss findings, the prevalence of the organism in various vegetable types with relation to the study locations did not differ significantly (p>0.05) at the 95% confidence level. The incidence of Aeromonas species isolated from the various study regions varied significantly depending on the season, with the organism being more prevalent during the wet season (3.7%) than during the dry season (1.35%).

Millions of people throughout the world are impacted by T2DM, often known as type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study looked at the relationship between elevated liver enzyme levels and the prevalence of T2DM in certain Iraqis. Only a small amount of research has been done on the connection between liver enzymes and T2DM. Methods: In all, 80 people (40 with diabetes and 40 without) participated in the study. Blood serum was examined to determine the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT, AST), -Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) of less than 126 mg/dL or self-reported recent usage of insulin or anti-diabetic drugs were used to define T2DM. Results: When compared to the non-diabetes group, the diabetic groups AST and ALP levels were considerably (P0.05) higher. In contrast, there was no difference in ALT (P>0.05). However, AST and ALT data based on gender revealed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) between any of the groups for either enzyme. However, as compared to the non-diabetes male and female groups, the ALP enzyme findings showed that there was a significant increase (p0.05) in the diabetes male group. Conclusions: T2DM patients frequently have increased liver enzyme levels.

Patient satisfaction is the patients expectations arising from the actions of health workers as a result of the performance of health services during the process of interacting in an effort to provide services. At the end of 2019 the world was shocked by the spread of Covid-19 so social restrictions were put in place which resulted in decreased service performance and could affect patient satisfaction. This problem can be overcome by improving health services, namely telepharmacy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hypertension patient satisfaction on post-Covid-19 telepharmacy services at the Tanralili Health Center, Maros Regency. The type of research used in this research is non-experimental, with a descriptive quantitative method and prospective data collection in the form of a questionnaire. Sampling used a purposive sampling technique with samples that met the inclusion criteria for hypertension patients at the Tanralili Health Center, Maros Regency, who had received telepharmacy and were willing to fill out a questionnaire. The results of the research on the satisfaction of hypertensive patients with post-covid-19 telepharmacy at the Tanralili Health Center, Maros district, namely the reliability aspect (97.2%), the responsiveness aspect (98.93%), and the empathy aspect (95.6%) which is the value of the level of satisfaction of respondents to telepharmacy provided by Pharmacy Staff. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that hypertensive patients are very satisfied with receiving telepharmaceuticals, which can be seen from the percentage of satisfaction.